观察家 | 为何打赢脱贫攻坚战对全面建成小康社会至关重要

I’m Robert Lawrence Kuhn and here’s what I’m watching: 

我是罗伯特•劳伦斯•库恩，这是我正在关注的： 

Those foreigners who may question President Xi Jinping’s motives and goals may be surprised to learn that he considers poverty alleviation to be his most important task. 

那些质疑习近平主席的脱贫攻坚工作动机和目标的外国人会很惊讶地发现，他将脱贫攻坚视为自己工作的重中之重。

It’s his signature program. 

脱贫攻坚是习近平的标志性项目。

He is staking his political capital on its success. 

打赢脱贫攻坚战是习近平施政方针成功的有力证明。

To appreciate Xi’s driving motivation, one must understand the context of this special year, 2020, which has been long tapped to usher in the “moderately prosperous society”.

要了解习近平推行脱贫攻坚的动力，我们就必须了解2020年这一不平凡年份的背景。一直以来，2020年被视为迎来小康社会的关键年份。

The first of the two centenary goals that compose what Xi calls “the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation” is “the Chinese dream”. 

实现两个百年目标就是，习近平所说的“实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦”。

The first centenary goal, the “moderately prosperous society”, reflects the fact that the CPC’s 100th anniversary is in 2021.

作为第一个百年奋斗目标，全面建成小康社会与2021年中国共产党成立100周年密切相关。

The original formulation of the “moderately prosperous society” defined it in quantitative terms: to "achieve GDP and per capita income of urban and rural residents by 2020 as double that of 2010". 

全面建成小康社会，设定了量化目标。到2020年实现国内生产总值和城乡居民人均收入比2010年翻一番。

Xi said, “We cannot announce the complete construction of a ‘moderately prosperous society’ on the one hand, if the living standards of tens of millions of people, on the other hand, are below the poverty line.” 

习近平指出“我们不能一边宣布全面建成了小康社会，另一边还有几千万人口生活在贫困线以下”。

It was a powerful prescription that set national policy — made more challenging, of course, by the pandemic.

这一强有力的声明为国家政策提供支持，因为疫情影响也面临更多挑战。

Whether because of geographic isolation in remote mountain villages, or because they didn't have sufficient education or jobs, or because they were old or infirm, no matter how much China’s economy would grow, no matter how large China’s GDP and income per capita would become, these intractably poor would remain intractably poor. 

不论是因为地处偏远山村而与世隔绝的贫困人群；或因无法享受充分的教育或工作机会的贫困人群；还是年迈体弱的贫困人群。无论中国经济增长了多少，无论中国的国内生产总值和人均收入变得多高，那些极端贫困人群仍会继续生活在贫困中。

I did not appreciate all that is required for precision poverty alleviation until I started visiting poor regions, especially those remote mountain villages. 

我并不了解精准扶贫的投入，直到我走访了贫困地区，特别是偏远山村。

I met poor villagers and heard their stories: those who had come out of poverty through microbusinesses; those who had been relocated to suburban areas; and those who, ill or infirm, needed social support — and those who, though still in extreme poverty, still refused to move from their ancestral lands.

我见到了贫困的村民聆听他们讲述自己的故事，一些人通过做小本生意脱贫。一些人搬迁到了城郊地区，一些患病或体弱的人得到社会帮扶，还有一些人，虽然过着极端贫困的生活，却不愿意离开故土。

And for those foreigners who marvel at how China contained COVID-19, the common root of China winning the war to contain the coronavirus, and China winning the war to eradicate extreme poverty, is the CPC’s governance structure and organizational capacity. 

对于那些惊叹于中国抗击新冠肺炎疫情成果的外国人来说，中国打赢新冠肺炎疫情防控阻击战，以及打赢脱贫攻坚战的共同原因在于中国共产党的治理结构和组织能力。

This does not mean that there are no trade-offs. Thus, to comprehend China’s poverty alleviation program is to comprehend how China’s Party-led governance system actually works. 

但这并不意味着其中没有权衡。因此了解中国的脱贫攻坚工作，就能了解中国共产党领导下的治理体系如何运作。

This is especially important at this time of heightened awareness of China’s increasing role in international affairs and the increasing sensitivities to it. 

这一点在当今时代尤为重要，大家都意识到中国在国际事务中发挥着越来越重要的作用，国际社会对此也愈发关注。

I’m keeping Watch. I’m Robert Lawrence Kuhn.

我在持续观察。我是罗伯特•劳伦斯•库恩。

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